Chapters Not Covered in This Book

Introduction

Step-by-step analysis of biological data

Types of biological variables

Probability

Basic concepts of hypothesis testing

Confounding variables

Independence

Normality

Data transformations

See the Handbook for information on these topics.

Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity

Bartlett’s test is performed with the bartlett.test function. Levene's test can be invoked with the leveneTest function in the car package. This test can also be used for a model with two independent variables. They are used in the chapter on One-way anova.

©2015 by Salvatore S. Mangiafico.
Rutgers Cooperative Extension, New Brunswick, NJ.

Except for organization of statistical tests and selection of examples for these tests ©2014 by John H. McDonald. Used with permission.

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If you use the code or information in this site in a published work, please cite it as a source. Also, if you are an instructor and use this book in your course, please let me know. My contact information is on the About the Author page.

Mangiafico, S.S. 2015. An R Companion for the Handbook of Biological Statistics, version 1.3.0.
rcompanion.org/rcompanion/. (Pdf version: rcompanion.org/documents/RCompanionBioStatistics.pdf.)